企业级应用系统高可用部署

WordPress是使用PHP语言开发的博客平台，用户可以在支持PHP和MySQL数据库的服务器上架设属于自己的网站。也可以把 WordPress当作一个内容管理系统（CMS）来使用。WordPress 功能强大，插件众多，易于扩充功能。安装使用都非常方便。本次搭建wordpress高可用平台，要求采用高可用、负载均衡、数据库主从、nfs共享存储等技术来部署wordpress高可用网站。

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初始化

所有主机进行初始化配置。

  • HOSTS解析和SSH配置
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[root@haproxy1 ~]# cat /etc/hosts

192.168.27.13 haproxy1
192.168.27.14 haproxy2
192.168.27.21 web1
192.168.27.22 web2
192.168.27.23 nfs
192.168.27.31 mysql-master
192.168.27.32 mysql-slave


[root@haproxy1 ~]# ssh-keygen
[root@haproxy1 ~]# for i in haproxy1 haproxy2 web1 web2 nfs mysql-master mysql-slave;do ssh-copy-id root@$i;done
  • 关闭防火墙/SELinux
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[root@haproxy1 ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld

[root@haproxy1 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@haproxy1 ~]# echo "setenforce 0" >> /etc/rc.local
[root@haproxy1 ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.local

安装配置keepalived高可用

在两台haproxy服务器上使用yum安装keepalived软件，完成相关配置，设置VIP启动keepalived。

  • haproxy1
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[root@haproxy1 ~]# yum -y install keepalived

[root@haproxy1 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   notification_email {
     acassen@firewall.loc
     failover@firewall.loc
     sysadmin@firewall.loc
   }
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
   smtp_server 192.168.27.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id haproxy1		# 修改
   vrrp_iptables			# 添加
   vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
   vrrp_strict
   vrrp_garp_interval 0
   vrrp_gna_interval 0
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens32	# 修改
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.27.50	# 添加
    }
}

[root@haproxy1 ~]# systemctl start keepalived.service 
[root@haproxy1 ~]# systemctl enable keepalived.service
  • haproxy2
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[root@haproxy2 ~]# yum -y install keepalived

[root@haproxy2 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   notification_email {
     acassen@firewall.loc
     failover@firewall.loc
     sysadmin@firewall.loc
   }
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
   smtp_server 192.168.200.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id haproxy2		# 修改
   vrrp_iptables			# 添加
   vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
   vrrp_strict
   vrrp_garp_interval 0
   vrrp_gna_interval 0
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP		# 修改
    interface ens32		# 修改
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 50
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.27.50
    }
}

[root@haproxy2 ~]# systemctl start keepalived.service 
[root@haproxy2 ~]# systemctl enable keepalived.service
  • 查看
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[root@haproxy1 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:c6:75:65 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.27.13/24 brd 192.168.27.255 scope global noprefixroute ens32
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.27.50/32 scope global ens32	# 显示VIP
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::91bf:3ec9:f36:8bb8/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

安装haproxy负载均衡

将haproxy-master.zip软件包以root用户上传至在两台haproxy服务器上的/root目录，解压haproxy-master.zip，解压编译安装，完成相关的配置，运行haproxy

haproxy1和haproxy2操作基本相同

安装

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[root@haproxy1 ~]# yum -y install make gcc pcre-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel systemd-devel unzip

[root@haproxy1 ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin haproxy

[root@haproxy1 ~]# scp haproxy-master.zip haproxy2:/root/

[root@haproxy1 ~]# unzip haproxy-master.zip 

[root@haproxy1 ~]# cd haproxy-master/

[root@haproxy1 haproxy-master]# make clean

[root@haproxy1 haproxy-master]# make -j $(grep 'processor' /proc/cpuinfo |wc -l) TARGET=linux-glibc USE_OPENSSL=1 USE_ZLIB=1 USE_PCRE=1 USE_SYSTEMD=1

[root@haproxy1 haproxy-master]# make install PREFIX=/usr/local/haproxy

[root@haproxy1 haproxy-master]# echo "export PATH=/usr/local/haproxy/sbin:$PATH">/etc/profile.d/haproxy.sh

[root@haproxy1 haproxy-master]# . /etc/profile.d/haproxy.sh
[root@haproxy1 haproxy-master]# which haproxy
/usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy

配置内核参数

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[root@haproxy1 ~]# echo 'net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1' >>  /etc/sysctl.conf
[root@haproxy1 ~]# echo 'net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
[root@haproxy1 ~]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

创建启动脚本

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[root@haproxy1 ~]# vim /lib/systemd/system/haproxy.service

[Unit]
Description=HAProxyLoad Balancer
After=syslog.targetnetwork.target

[Service]
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg -c -q
ExecStart=/usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy -Ws -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg -p /usr/local/haproxy/run/haproxy.pid
ExecReload=/bin/kill -USR2 $MAINPID

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

生成配置文件

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[root@haproxy1 ~]# mkdir /etc/haproxy
[root@haproxy1 ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
global
maxconn 100000
chroot /usr/local/haproxy
#stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/haproxy.sock mode 600 level admin
uid 99
gid 99
daemon
cpu-map 1 0
cpu-map 2 1
cpu-map 3 2
cpu-map 4 3
pidfile /usr/local/haproxy/run/haproxy.pid
log 127.0.0.1 local3 info

defaults
option http-keep-alive
option  forwardfor
maxconn 100000
mode http
timeout connect 300000ms
timeout client  300000ms
timeout server  300000ms

listen stats
 mode http
 bind 0.0.0.0:9999
 stats enable
 log global
 stats uri     /haproxy-status
 stats auth    haadmin:q1w2e3r4ys
 
 
[root@haproxy1 ~]# mkdir /usr/local/haproxy/run

启动服务

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[root@haproxy1 ~]# systemctl start haproxy.service 
[root@haproxy1 ~]# systemctl enable haproxy.service 
[root@haproxy1 ~]# systemctl status haproxy.service 
● haproxy.service - HAProxyLoad Balancer
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/haproxy.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 五 2023-06-23 17:52:44 CST; 10s ago
 Main PID: 12588 (haproxy)
   CGroup: /system.slice/haproxy.service
           ├─12588 /usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy -Ws -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg -p /usr/local/hapr...
           └─12592 /usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy -Ws -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg -p /usr/local/hapr...

6月 23 17:52:44 haproxy1 systemd[1]: Starting HAProxyLoad Balancer...
6月 23 17:52:44 haproxy1 systemd[1]: Started HAProxyLoad Balancer.
6月 23 17:52:44 haproxy1 haproxy[12588]: [NOTICE]   (12588) : haproxy version is 2.7-dev4-16972e19d
6月 23 17:52:44 haproxy1 haproxy[12588]: [NOTICE]   (12588) : path to executable is /usr/local/h...roxy
6月 23 17:52:44 haproxy1 haproxy[12588]: [ALERT]    (12588) : config : parsing [/etc/haproxy/hap...ing.
6月 23 17:52:44 haproxy1 haproxy[12588]: [NOTICE]   (12588) : New worker (12592) forked
6月 23 17:52:44 haproxy1 haproxy[12588]: [NOTICE]   (12588) : Loading success.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

配置主从数据库

将mysql-5.6.33-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz软件包以root用户上传至两台数据库服务器的/root目录，解压并配置数据库，完成主从数据库的配置，运行mysql。

安装启动服务

  • 此处操作相同
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[root@mysql-master ~]# tar xf mysql-5.6.33-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz 

[root@mysql-master ~]# cp -r mysql-5.6.33-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

[root@mysql-master ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@mysql-master ~]# useradd -g mysql mysql
[root@mysql-master ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@mysql-master mysql]# mkdir ./data/mysql
[root@mysql-master mysql]#  chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/

[root@mysql-master mysql]# yum -y install autoconf libaio
[root@mysql-master mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql 

[root@mysql-master mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@mysql-master mysql]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@mysql-master mysql]#  cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp：是否覆盖"/etc/my.cnf"？ y

# 修改启动脚本
[root@mysql-master mysql]# vi /etc/init.d/mysqld
basedir=/usr/local/mysql/
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql

# 启动服务
[root@mysql-master mysql]# service mysqld start

# 测试连接
[root@mysql-master mysql]# ./bin/mysql -uroot
mysql> 

# 加入环境变量
[root@mysql-master mysql]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile
[root@mysql-master mysql]# source /etc/profile

搭建主从

  • mysql-master
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[root@mysql-master ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql
log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
binlog-format=row
server-id=1

[root@mysql-master ~]# service mysqld restart

[root@mysql-master ~]# mysql -e "GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repluser'@'192.168.27.%' IDENTIFIED BY '111111';"

# 这一步必须执行，不执行最后web页面会报数据库连接错误
mysql> grant all on *.* to root@'%' identified by '';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)	

[root@mysql-master ~]# mysql -e "SHOW MASTER LOGS;"
+--------------+-----------+
| Log_name     | File_size |
+--------------+-----------+
| mysql.000001 |       333 |
+--------------+-----------+

  • mysql-slave
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[root@mysql-slave ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id=2
read-only

[root@mysql-slave ~]# service mysqld restart

[root@mysql-slave ~]# mysql -uroot
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.27.31', MASTER_USER='repluser', MASTER_PASSWORD='111111', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=333;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)

mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.27.31
                  Master_User: repluser
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql.000001
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 333
               Relay_Log_File: mysql-slave-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 279
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql.000001
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 333
              Relay_Log_Space: 458
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 1
                  Master_UUID: cfeabf9b-11ad-11ee-b0cd-000c295d0339
             Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 
                Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

安装配置web服务器

将nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz和php-7.2.12.tar.gz软件包以root用户上传至两台web服务器的/root目录，解压并编译运行，完成相关配置。

安装nginx

两节点操作相同

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[root@web1 ~]# yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel pcre pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel systemd-devel bzip2 vim lrzsz tree screen lsof tcpdump wget ntpdate net-tools iotop bc zip unzip nfs-utils expat-devel bison bison-devel zlib-devel libcurl-devel libarchive-devel boostdevel cmake ncurses-devel gnutls-devel libxml2-devel libevent-devel libaio-devel

[root@web1 ~]# tar zxvf nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz
[root@web1 ~]# cd nginx-1.14.2
[root@web1 nginx-1.14.2]# useradd nginx
[root@web1 nginx-1.14.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_stub_status_module  --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-pcre --with-stream --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_realip_module

[root@web1 nginx-1.14.2]# make && make install

# 建立软链接
[root@web1 nginx-1.14.2]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /sbin/nginx

# 配置启动脚本
[root@web1 nginx-1.14.2]# vim /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service

[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/bin/kill -s TERM $MAINPID

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

# 修改配置文件
[root@web1 nginx-1.14.2]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user nginx;
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;

# 启动服务
[root@web1 nginx-1.14.2]# systemctl start nginx.service 
[root@web1 nginx-1.14.2]# systemctl enable nginx.service

安装php-fpm

操作相同

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[root@web1 ~]# tar xf php-7.2.12.tar.gz 
[root@web1 ~]# cd php-7.2.12/
[root@web1 php-7.2.12]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --enable-mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-openssl --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --enable-mbstring --enable-xml --enable-sockets --enable-fpm --enable-maintainer-zts --disable-fileinfo

[root@web1 php-7.2.12]# make && make install

# 复制环境配置文件，修改时区
[root@web1 php-7.2.12]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
[root@web1 php-7.2.12]# sed -i '/;date.tim/s@.*@data.timezone = "Asia/Shanghai"@' /etc/php.ini

# 配置启动脚本
[root@web1 php-7.2.12]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@web1 php-7.2.12]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@web1 php-7.2.12]# chkconfig --add php-fpm

# 复制模板配置文件
[root@web1 php-7.2.12]# cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

[root@web1 php-7.2.12]# cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

配置nginx+php

操作还是相同

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[root@web1 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
#在http { 段里添加
include /usr/local/nginx/conf/server/*.conf;

# 创建新的server段配置文件
[root@web1 ~]# mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/server
[root@web1 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/server/mylinuxops.conf

server {
        server_name www.mylinuxops.com;
        listen 80;
        location / {
            root /data/www;
            index index.php index.html;
        }
        location ~ \.php$ {
            root           /data/www;
            fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
            fastcgi_index  index.php;
            fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
            include        fastcgi_params;
        }
}

# 修改php-fpm配置文件
[root@web1 ~]# vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
user = nginx
group = nginx
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000

# 重启服务
[root@web1 ~]# nginx -s reload
[root@web1 ~]# service php-fpm start
Starting php-fpm  done

# 创建测试页面
[root@web1 ~]# mkdir -p /data/www
[root@web1 ~]# vim /data/www/index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>

# 打开浏览器访问测试

配置nfs服务器

  • 在nfs服务器上操作
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[root@nfs ~]# yum install nfs-utils -y
[root@nfs ~]# mkdir -p /data/upload
[root@nfs ~]# vim /etc/exports
/data/upload *(rw,no_root_squash)

[root@nfs ~]# systemctl enable nfs
[root@nfs ~]# systemctl start nfs
  • 创建wordpress数据库
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[root@mysql-master ~]# mysql -e "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON wordpress.* TO 'wpuser'@'192.168.27.%' IDENTIFIED BY'111111';"
[root@mysql-master ~]# mysql -e "CREATE DATABASE wordpress;"
[root@mysql-master ~]#  mysql -e "show databases;"
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
| wordpress          |
+--------------------+
  • web服务器操作
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[root@web1 ~]# tar xf wordpress-5.9.1-zh_CN.tar.gz 
[root@web1 ~]# cp -a wordpress/* /data/www/
cp：是否覆盖"/data/www/index.php"？ y
[root@web1 ~]#  cp /data/www/{wp-config-sample.php,wp-config.php}

[root@web1 ~]# vim /data/www/wp-config.php 

/** WordPress数据库的名称 */
define('DB_NAME', 'wordpress');

/** MySQL数据库用户名 */
define('DB_USER', 'root');

/** MySQL数据库密码 */
define('DB_PASSWORD', '');

/** MySQL主机 */
define('DB_HOST', '192.168.27.50');

# 将此文件复制到server2服务器上
[root@web1 ~]# scp -r /data/www/* 192.168.27.22:/data/www/

# 分别在两台服务器上挂载nfs，将图片存储到nfs上
[root@web1 ~]# mkdir /data/www/wp-content/uploads
[root@web1 ~]# mount 192.168.27.23:/data/upload /data/www/wp-content/uploads


[root@web2 ~]# mkdir /data/www/wp-content/uploads
[root@web2 ~]# mount 192.168.27.23:/data/upload /data/www/wp-content/uploads

配置后端web服务器和MySQL负载均衡

在两台haproxy机器上分别进行web和mysql的负载均衡配置，然后测试wordpress网站是否正常。

  • 在两台haproxy机器上分别进行配置
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[root@haproxy1 ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
listen http
 bind 192.168.27.50:80
 mode http
 server web1 192.168.27.21:80 check inter 3000 fall 3 rise 5
 server web2 192.168.27.22:80 check inter 3000 fall 3 rise 5

listen mysql_3306
 bind 192.168.27.50:3306
 mode tcp
 server mysql 192.168.27.31:3306 check inter 3000 fall 3 rise 5

# 重启服务
[root@haproxy1 ~]# systemctl restart haproxy

# 访问http://192.168.27.50,出现wordpress页面成功

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